Understanding When to Use Structs and Embedded Schemas in Elixir

This article explains the differences between structs and embedded schemas in Elixir, clarifying common misconceptions about Ecto as merely a database ORM. Structs are identified as lightweight data structures with compile-time guarantees, ideal for simple data grouping without the need for complex validation. In contrast, Ecto's embedded schemas are presented as a more powerful option for validating and manipulating data, especially when dealing with external inputs such as API responses or forms. The article emphasizes that while structs are suitable for internal data, embedded schemas excel at ensuring data integrity and providing rich validation capabilities. It concludes by offering guidance on choosing the right approach based on specific needs.