In-depth Guide to Structs and Ecto Embedded Schemas in Elixir

This article provides a comprehensive exploration of Elixir's structs and embedded schemas, starting with the definition and unique features of structs, which act as named maps with additional functionalities such as compile-time guarantees and optional key enforcement. It explains the internal workings of structs, including strict keys and the special '__struct__' field that distinguishes them from regular maps. The article then transitions to embedded schemas, which build on the struct concept by adding Ecto functionalities for data validation and changesets, enabling enhanced error handling and data integrity checks. The author discusses practical applications, including API parameter validation, improvements in LiveView forms, and future considerations for Elixir's type system. The reader will conclude with a deeper understanding of how to effectively use structs and embedded schemas in their Elixir applications.