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Understanding Elixir's Low Latency Capabilities
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Source: underjord.io
Lars Wikman examines Elixir's ability to handle real-time operations and maintain low latency, attributes that are fundamental to the Erlang platform on which Elixir is built. Erlang, created for the telecommunications industry, was designed with a focus on consistently low latency, rather than hard real-time constraints, making it ideal for systems sensitive to latency. The implementation of a single scheduler in Erlang's history and preemptive scheduling enabled the system to distribute computational resources fairly and efficiently. Erlang’s system architecture is high-level and dynamic, which is typically counterintuitive to performance; however, it sacrifices some performance to meet its objectives of distributed, fault-tolerant, highly available, and hot-swappable systems. Wikman also highlights how Erlang’s soft real-time design has been integral to the wide usage of Elixir and Erlang in messaging systems, such as RabbitMQ, and applications like WhatsApp and Discord, which require consistently low variance in latency. With the advent of the Phoenix web framework and Phoenix LiveView, Elixir has embraced the real-time and low latency philosophy, which predated modern single-page applications and provides a streamlined way to handle live updates without significant backend and frontend separation.
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